In a few instances some micro-organisms are naturally resistant to particular antimicrobial agents, but a more common problem is when micro-organisms that are normally susceptible to the action of particular antimicrobial agents become resistant. The resistance often arises as a result of changes in the micro-organism’s genes. In some cases the genes causing resistance can be transferred between different strains of micro-organisms and when this happens the recipient organisms will also become resistant.
Bacteria, Mould and Fungi are found in every environment and are a natural part of everyday life. However, even in the cleanest of surroundings, microbes will begin to multiply and among them are strains of bacteria which have now become resistant to the most powerful antibiotics – Penicillin / Streptomycin / Vancomycin / Methicillin and Linezolid
Among the most life-threatening bacteria are:
Staph (staphylococcus) bacteria can cause illness in two different ways: (1) through direct infection and (2) through toxins that the bacteria produce. The toxins are to blame for food poisonings, toxic shock syndrome, and other MRSA and CA-MRSA infections.
MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) is an antibiotic resistant Superbug bacteria that emerged in hospitals and is life-threatening, in almost every environment worldwide.
HCAI (healthcare-associated infections) refers to infections that occur as a result of contact with the healthcare system in its widest sense – from care provided within your own home, to general practice, nursing and care in acute hospitals.
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis – kills nearly two million people per year and approximately one-third of the worlds population (about two billion people) are infected with the bacteria
Staphylococcus aureus – causes skin and tissue infections and can invade many other organs. Some strains of S. aureus produce toxins that cause food poisoning and toxic shock syndrome.
Enterococci (specifically Enterococcus Faecalis and Enterococcus faecium) frequently cause infections in hospitalized patients. Infections generally occur when the microbes enter a wound, such as a surgical wound, or a medical device, like a catheter.
Streptococcus Pneumonia – a deadly strain of the superbug MRSA has emerged. The latest variant of USA300 – FRP3757 is resistant to treatment by many front-line antibiotics. In severe cases fatal blood poisoning occurs, or necrotizing pneumonia, which eats away at the lungs.
Salmonella enterica – as with many bacteria, antibiotic resistance has increased substantially over recent years. In particular, one spectrum of S. Enterica strains – DT104 – has been notable because of its broad spectrum of antibiotic resistance.
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